Grade 12 CAPS Genetics – Genetic Engineering and Mutations

Detailed slide shows with notes and visuals on the grade 12 CAPS curriculum for mutations and concepts involving genetic engineering.

Consists of:

* 47 slide presentation in full colour containing all information required by CAPS ATP (2021 – 2023)

* PDF and PP printer-friendly versions to use for student handouts

Detailed explanation of content:

• Definition of mutation
• Effects of mutations: harmful mutations, harmless mutations and useful mutations
• Mutations contribute to genetic variation
• Definition of gene mutation and chromosomal mutation

Two types of mutations that can alter characteristics leading to genetic
disorders:

Gene Mutations

• Haemophilia – absence of blood-clotting factors
• Colour-blindness – due to absence of the proteins that comprise either the red or green cones/photoreceptors in the eye

Chromosomal mutation

• Down syndrome – due to an extra copy of chromosome 21 as a result of non-disjunction during meiosis

Biotechnology is the manipulation of biological processes to satisfy human needs.

• Genetic engineering is an aspect of biotechnology and includes:
• Stem cell research – sources and uses of stem cells
• Genetically modified organisms – brief outline of process (names of enzymes involved are not required) and the benefits of genetic modification
• Cloning – brief outline of process and benefits of cloning

Paternity testing:

• The use of each of the following in paternity testing:
• Blood grouping
• DNA profiles

Genetic links:

• Mutations in mitochondrial DNA used in tracing female ancestry